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Research on Children’s Vulnerability to Cell Phone Radio-frequency Radiation

Research Documents  Children’s Vulnerability to Cell Phone Radio-frequency Radiation

Children have smaller heads than adults.  Cell phones and wireless radiation can go deeper into their brains because children have a shorter distance from their skull to their brain center. Government regulations were based on a 220-pound man’s head, not a child’s head. Our skulls actually slow down wireless as it moves into our brain. The thicker the skull, the more roadblocks to the wireless radiation moving forward. Since children have much thinner skulls than adults, they have less protection. Research shows that children can absorb up to ten times the radiation in the bone marrow of their skulls than adults.

“Children are not little adults and are disproportionately impacted by all environmental exposures, including cell phone radiation. Current FCC standards do not account for the unique vulnerability and use patterns specific to pregnant women and children. It is essential that any new standard for cell phones or other wireless devices be based on protecting the youngest and most vulnerable populations to ensure they are safeguarded throughout their lifetimes.”- American Academy of Pediatrics

American Academy of Pediatrics Official Letters

Published Research

Fernández, C., de Salles, A., Sears, M., Morris, R., & Davis, D. (2018). Absorption of wireless radiation in the child versus adult brain and eye from cell phone conversation or virtual reality. Environmental Research, 167, 694-699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.05.013

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P. Gandhi, “Yes the Children Are More Exposed to Radiofrequency Energy From Mobile Telephones Than Adults,” in IEEE Access, vol. 3, pp. 985-988, 2015, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2438782.

Gandhi, O., Morgan, L., de Salles, A., Han, Y., Herberman, R., & Davis, D. (2011). Exposure Limits: The underestimation of absorbed cell phone radiation, especially in children. Electromagnetic Biology And Medicine, 31(1), 34-51. https://doi.org/10.3109/15368378.2011.622827

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E. Fernández-Rodríguez, A. A. A. De Salles and D. L. Davis, “Dosimetric Simulations of Brain Absorption of Mobile Phone Radiation–The Relationship Between psSAR and Age,” in IEEE Access, vol. 3, pp. 2425-2430, 2015, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2502900.

Gultekin, D., & Moeller, L. (2012). NMR imaging of cell phone radiation absorption in brain tissue. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences, 110(1), 58-63. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1205598109

Cabot E, Christ A, Bühlmann B, et al. Quantification of RF-exposure of the fetus using anatomical CAD-models in three different gestational stages. Health Phys. 2014;107(5):369-381. doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000129

Gadi Lissak. “Adverse physiological and psychological effects of screen time on children and adolescents: Literature review and case study.” Environmental Research, Volume 164, 2018, Pages 149-157, ISSN 0013-9351.

Byun, Y., Ha, M., Kwon, H., Hong, Y., Leem, J., & Sakong, J. et al. (2013). Mobile Phone Use, Blood Lead Levels, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Symptoms in Children: A Longitudinal Study. Plos ONE, 8(3), e59742. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059742

Foerster, M., Thielens, A., Joseph, W., Eeftens, M., & Röösli, M. (2018). A Prospective Cohort Study of Adolescents’ Memory Performance and Individual Brain Dose of Microwave Radiation from Wireless Communication. Environmental Health Perspectives, 126(7), 077007. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp2427

Mohammed B, Jin J, Abbosh A, Bialkowski K, Manoufali M, Crozier S. Evaluation of children exposure to electromagnetic fields of mobile phones using age-specific head models with age-dependent dielectric properties. IEEE Access. PP(99). 2017

Sangün Ö, Dündar B, Çömlekçi S, Büyükgebiz A. The effects of electromagnetic field on the endocrine system in children and adolescents. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2015 Dec;13(2):531-45.

Aldad, T., Gan, G., Gao, X., & Taylor, H. (2012). Fetal Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure From 800-1900 Mhz-Rated Cellular Telephones Affects Neurodevelopment and Behavior in Mice. Scientific Reports, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00312

Li, D., Chen, H., Ferber, J., Hirst, A., & Odouli, R. (2020). Association between maternal exposure to magnetic field nonionizing radiation during pregnancy and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring in a longitudinal birth cohort. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), e201417. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1417

Miller, A., Sears, M., Morgan, L., Davis, D., Hardell, L., Oremus, M., & Soskolne, C. (2019). Risks to health and well-being from radio-frequency radiation emitted by cell phones and other wireless devices. Frontiers In Public Health, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00223

Hardell, L. (2017). Effects of mobile phones on children’s and adolescents’ health: A commentary. Child Development, 89(1), 137-140. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12831

Clegg, F., Sears, M., Friesen, M., Scarato, T., Metzinger, R., & Russell, C. et al. (2020). Building science and radiofrequency radiation: What makes smart and healthy buildings. Building And Environment, 176, 106324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106324

Zarei, S., S., Mortazavi, S., Mehdizadeh, A., Jalalipour, M., Borzou, S., & Taeb, S. et al. (2015). A Challenging Issue in the Etiology of Speech Problems: The Effect of Maternal Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields on Speech Problems in the Offspring. Journal Of Biomedical Physics & Engineering, 5(3), 151-154. Retrieved 2 June 2020, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4576876/.

Markovà, E., Malmgren, L., & Belyaev, I. (2010). Microwaves from mobile phones inhibit 53bp1 focus formation in human stem cells more strongly than in differentiated cells: Possible mechanistic link to cancer risk. Environmental Health Perspectives, 118(3), 394-399. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900781

Sudan, M., Birks, L., Aurrekoetxea, J., Ferrero, A., Gallastegi, M., & Guxens, M. et al. (2018). Maternal cell phone use during pregnancy and child cognition at age 5 years in 3 birth cohorts. Environment International, 120, 155-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.043

Roda, C., & Perry, S. (2014). Mobile phone infrastructure regulation in Europe: Scientific challenges and human rights protection. Environmental Science & Policy, 37, 204-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2013.09.009

Divan HA, Kheifets L, Obel C, Olsen J. Cell phone use and behavioural problems in young children. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2012;66(6):524-529. doi:10.1136/jech.2010.115402

Herbert, M.R. and Sage, C. “Autism and EMF? Plausibility of a Pathophysiological Link”. Part 1:Pathophysiology , 2013, Jun;20(3):191-209, Pubmed abstract for Part 1.

Herbert, M.R. and Sage, C. “Autism and EMF? Plausibility of a Pathophysiological Link”. Part II: Pathophysiology, 2013 Jun;20(3):211-34. Epub Pubmed abstract for Part II.

Papageorgio, C.C., et al. “Effects of Wi-Fi signals on the p300 component of event-related potentials during an auditory hayling task.” Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, vol. 10, no. 2, 2011, pp. 189-202.

IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Non-ionizing radiation, Part 2: Radiofrequency Electromagnetic fields. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, vol. 102, 2013.